Are the healthy behaviors of US high-deductible health plan enrollees driven by people who chose these plans? Smoking as a case study.
To determine whether negative associations between enrollment in a high-deductible health plan (HDHP) and one exemplar unhealthy behavior--daily smoking--are found only among people who chose these plans.Cross-sectional analysis of nationally-representative data.United States from 2007 to 2008.6,941 privately insured non-elderly adult participants